Nervous System Safety
Understanding the Nervous System
The nervous system (NS) plays a crucial role in how we experience and respond to life as it unfolds in front of us. This approach emphasises the connection between mind and body, recognising that stressful and overwhelming experiences are not only stored in the brain but also in the body's tissues and nervous system.
When we are faced with an event that feels unsafe or overwhelming, our nervous system can react in one of four ways: fight, flight, freeze, or fawn. These are automatic survival responses designed to protect us from harm.
Fight or Flight, Freeze and Fawn
Fight, flight and freeze, and fawn are used to describe various nervous system states, and are a part of the autonomic nervous system which is also responsible for involuntary functions like heartbeat, digestion, and breathing.
The autonomic system is split into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses, while the parasympathetic system causes a shutdown response and also promotes "rest and digest” functions.
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FIGHT: (Sympathetic)
This response is characterised by a readiness to confront or fight off a threat. The body mobilizes energy, increases heart rate, and releases adrenaline, preparing us to take action. In the context of trauma, an overactive fight response can lead to chronic anger, irritability, and difficulty managing aggression.
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FLIGHT: (Sympathetic)
The flight response involves the urge to escape from danger. The body's physiological reactions, such as increased heart rate and heightened alertness, support quick movement and retreat. When trauma leads to a prolonged flight response, it may result in anxiety, restlessness, and a constant need to avoid perceived dangers.
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FREEZE: (Parasympathetic)
When neither fighting nor fleeing seems possible, the freeze response can take over. This involves a sense of being stuck, unable to move or take action. The body may feel numb or disconnected, as if paralysed by fear. Chronic activation of the freeze response can contribute to symptoms of depression, dissociation, and a general sense of helplessness.
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FAWN: (Parasympathetic)
The fawn response involves appeasing or pleasing others to avoid conflict or danger. This response can develop as a survival strategy, especially in environments where direct confrontation or escape is not safe. It may lead to patterns of people-pleasing, difficulty setting boundaries, and struggles with self-identity.